Modelo de fijación de precios de activos de capital (CAPM)
El modelo de fijación de precios de activos de capital (CAPM, por sus siglas en inglés) indica cuál debería ser la tasa de rendimiento esperada o requerida en activos de riesgo como las acciones ordinarias de Micron.
Tasas de retorno
Micron Technology Inc., tasas mensuales de retorno
| Micron Technology Inc. (MU) | Standard & Poor’s 500 (S&P 500) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| t | Fecha | PrecioMU,t1 | DividendoMU,t1 | RMU,t2 | PrecioS&P 500,t | RS&P 500,t3 |
| 30 sept. 2018 | $45.23 | 2,913.98 | ||||
| 1. | 31 oct. 2018 | $37.72 | -16.60% | 2,711.74 | -6.94% | |
| 2. | 30 nov. 2018 | $38.56 | 2.23% | 2,760.17 | 1.79% | |
| 3. | 31 dic. 2018 | $31.73 | -17.71% | 2,506.85 | -9.18% | |
| . | . | . | . | . | . | . |
| . | . | . | . | . | . | . |
| . | . | . | . | . | . | . |
| 70. | 31 jul. 2024 | $109.82 | $0.115 | -16.42% | 5,522.30 | 1.13% |
| 71. | 31 ago. 2024 | $96.24 | -12.37% | 5,648.40 | 2.28% | |
| Promedio (R): | 1.77% | 1.07% | ||||
| Desviación estándar: | 11.75% | 5.24% | ||||
| Micron Technology Inc. (MU) | Standard & Poor’s 500 (S&P 500) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| t | Fecha | PrecioMU,t1 | DividendoMU,t1 | RMU,t2 | PrecioS&P 500,t | RS&P 500,t3 |
| 30 sept. 2018 | $45.23 | 2,913.98 | ||||
| 1. | 31 oct. 2018 | $37.72 | -16.60% | 2,711.74 | -6.94% | |
| 2. | 30 nov. 2018 | $38.56 | 2.23% | 2,760.17 | 1.79% | |
| 3. | 31 dic. 2018 | $31.73 | -17.71% | 2,506.85 | -9.18% | |
| 4. | 31 ene. 2019 | $38.22 | 20.45% | 2,704.10 | 7.87% | |
| 5. | 28 feb. 2019 | $40.88 | 6.96% | 2,784.49 | 2.97% | |
| 6. | 31 mar. 2019 | $41.33 | 1.10% | 2,834.40 | 1.79% | |
| 7. | 30 abr. 2019 | $42.06 | 1.77% | 2,945.83 | 3.93% | |
| 8. | 31 may. 2019 | $32.61 | -22.47% | 2,752.06 | -6.58% | |
| 9. | 30 jun. 2019 | $38.59 | 18.34% | 2,941.76 | 6.89% | |
| 10. | 31 jul. 2019 | $44.89 | 16.33% | 2,980.38 | 1.31% | |
| 11. | 31 ago. 2019 | $45.27 | 0.85% | 2,926.46 | -1.81% | |
| 12. | 30 sept. 2019 | $42.85 | -5.35% | 2,976.74 | 1.72% | |
| 13. | 31 oct. 2019 | $47.55 | 10.97% | 3,037.56 | 2.04% | |
| 14. | 30 nov. 2019 | $47.51 | -0.08% | 3,140.98 | 3.40% | |
| 15. | 31 dic. 2019 | $53.78 | 13.20% | 3,230.78 | 2.86% | |
| 16. | 31 ene. 2020 | $53.09 | -1.28% | 3,225.52 | -0.16% | |
| 17. | 29 feb. 2020 | $52.56 | -1.00% | 2,954.22 | -8.41% | |
| 18. | 31 mar. 2020 | $42.06 | -19.98% | 2,584.59 | -12.51% | |
| 19. | 30 abr. 2020 | $47.89 | 13.86% | 2,912.43 | 12.68% | |
| 20. | 31 may. 2020 | $47.91 | 0.04% | 3,044.31 | 4.53% | |
| 21. | 30 jun. 2020 | $51.52 | 7.53% | 3,100.29 | 1.84% | |
| 22. | 31 jul. 2020 | $50.06 | -2.83% | 3,271.12 | 5.51% | |
| 23. | 31 ago. 2020 | $45.51 | -9.09% | 3,500.31 | 7.01% | |
| 24. | 30 sept. 2020 | $46.96 | 3.19% | 3,363.00 | -3.92% | |
| 25. | 31 oct. 2020 | $50.34 | 7.20% | 3,269.96 | -2.77% | |
| 26. | 30 nov. 2020 | $64.09 | 27.31% | 3,621.63 | 10.75% | |
| 27. | 31 dic. 2020 | $75.18 | 17.30% | 3,756.07 | 3.71% | |
| 28. | 31 ene. 2021 | $78.27 | 4.11% | 3,714.24 | -1.11% | |
| 29. | 28 feb. 2021 | $91.53 | 16.94% | 3,811.15 | 2.61% | |
| 30. | 31 mar. 2021 | $88.21 | -3.63% | 3,972.89 | 4.24% | |
| 31. | 30 abr. 2021 | $86.07 | -2.43% | 4,181.17 | 5.24% | |
| 32. | 31 may. 2021 | $84.14 | -2.24% | 4,204.11 | 0.55% | |
| 33. | 30 jun. 2021 | $84.98 | 1.00% | 4,297.50 | 2.22% | |
| 34. | 31 jul. 2021 | $77.58 | -8.71% | 4,395.26 | 2.27% | |
| 35. | 31 ago. 2021 | $73.70 | -5.00% | 4,522.68 | 2.90% | |
| 36. | 30 sept. 2021 | $70.98 | $0.10 | -3.55% | 4,307.54 | -4.76% |
| 37. | 31 oct. 2021 | $69.10 | -2.65% | 4,605.38 | 6.91% | |
| 38. | 30 nov. 2021 | $84.00 | 21.56% | 4,567.00 | -0.83% | |
| 39. | 31 dic. 2021 | $93.15 | $0.10 | 11.01% | 4,766.18 | 4.36% |
| 40. | 31 ene. 2022 | $82.27 | -11.68% | 4,515.55 | -5.26% | |
| 41. | 28 feb. 2022 | $88.86 | 8.01% | 4,373.94 | -3.14% | |
| 42. | 31 mar. 2022 | $77.89 | -12.35% | 4,530.41 | 3.58% | |
| 43. | 30 abr. 2022 | $68.19 | $0.10 | -12.33% | 4,131.93 | -8.80% |
| 44. | 31 may. 2022 | $73.84 | 8.29% | 4,132.15 | 0.01% | |
| 45. | 30 jun. 2022 | $55.28 | -25.14% | 3,785.38 | -8.39% | |
| 46. | 31 jul. 2022 | $61.86 | $0.115 | 12.11% | 4,130.29 | 9.11% |
| 47. | 31 ago. 2022 | $56.53 | -8.62% | 3,955.00 | -4.24% | |
| 48. | 30 sept. 2022 | $50.10 | -11.37% | 3,585.62 | -9.34% | |
| 49. | 31 oct. 2022 | $54.10 | $0.115 | 8.21% | 3,871.98 | 7.99% |
| 50. | 30 nov. 2022 | $57.65 | 6.56% | 4,080.11 | 5.38% | |
| 51. | 31 dic. 2022 | $49.98 | $0.115 | -13.10% | 3,839.50 | -5.90% |
| 52. | 31 ene. 2023 | $60.30 | 20.65% | 4,076.60 | 6.18% | |
| 53. | 28 feb. 2023 | $57.82 | -4.11% | 3,970.15 | -2.61% | |
| 54. | 31 mar. 2023 | $60.34 | 4.36% | 4,109.31 | 3.51% | |
| 55. | 30 abr. 2023 | $64.36 | $0.115 | 6.85% | 4,169.48 | 1.46% |
| 56. | 31 may. 2023 | $68.20 | 5.97% | 4,179.83 | 0.25% | |
| 57. | 30 jun. 2023 | $63.11 | -7.46% | 4,376.86 | 4.71% | |
| 58. | 31 jul. 2023 | $71.39 | $0.115 | 13.30% | 4,588.96 | 4.85% |
| 59. | 31 ago. 2023 | $69.94 | -2.03% | 4,507.66 | -1.77% | |
| 60. | 30 sept. 2023 | $68.03 | -2.73% | 4,288.05 | -4.87% | |
| 61. | 31 oct. 2023 | $66.87 | $0.115 | -1.54% | 4,193.80 | -2.20% |
| 62. | 30 nov. 2023 | $76.12 | 13.83% | 4,567.80 | 8.92% | |
| 63. | 31 dic. 2023 | $85.34 | $0.115 | 12.26% | 4,769.83 | 4.42% |
| 64. | 31 ene. 2024 | $85.75 | 0.48% | 4,845.65 | 1.59% | |
| 65. | 29 feb. 2024 | $90.61 | 5.67% | 5,096.27 | 5.17% | |
| 66. | 31 mar. 2024 | $117.89 | $0.115 | 30.23% | 5,254.35 | 3.10% |
| 67. | 30 abr. 2024 | $112.96 | -4.18% | 5,035.69 | -4.16% | |
| 68. | 31 may. 2024 | $125.00 | 10.66% | 5,277.51 | 4.80% | |
| 69. | 30 jun. 2024 | $131.53 | 5.22% | 5,460.48 | 3.47% | |
| 70. | 31 jul. 2024 | $109.82 | $0.115 | -16.42% | 5,522.30 | 1.13% |
| 71. | 31 ago. 2024 | $96.24 | -12.37% | 5,648.40 | 2.28% | |
| Promedio (R): | 1.77% | 1.07% | ||||
| Desviación estándar: | 11.75% | 5.24% | ||||
Mostrar todo
1 Datos en dólares estadounidenses por acción ordinaria, ajustados por divisiones y dividendos de acciones.
2 Tasa de rendimiento de las acciones ordinarias de MU durante el período t.
3 Tasa de rendimiento del S&P 500 (el proxy de la cartera de mercado) durante el período t.
Varianza y covarianza
Micron Technology Inc., cálculo de la varianza y covarianza de los rendimientos
| t | Fecha | RMU,t | RS&P 500,t | (RMU,t–RMU)2 | (RS&P 500,t–RS&P 500)2 | (RMU,t–RMU)×(RS&P 500,t–RS&P 500) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. | 31 oct. 2018 | -16.60% | -6.94% | 337.72 | 64.21 | 147.26 |
| 2. | 30 nov. 2018 | 2.23% | 1.79% | 0.21 | 0.51 | 0.32 |
| 3. | 31 dic. 2018 | -17.71% | -9.18% | 379.70 | 105.07 | 199.74 |
| . | . | . | . | . | . | . |
| . | . | . | . | . | . | . |
| . | . | . | . | . | . | . |
| 70. | 31 jul. 2024 | -16.42% | 1.13% | 330.93 | 0.00 | -1.08 |
| 71. | 31 ago. 2024 | -12.37% | 2.28% | 199.91 | 1.47 | -17.12 |
| Total (Σ): | 9,656.45 | 1,920.03 | 2,682.34 | |||
| t | Fecha | RMU,t | RS&P 500,t | (RMU,t–RMU)2 | (RS&P 500,t–RS&P 500)2 | (RMU,t–RMU)×(RS&P 500,t–RS&P 500) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. | 31 oct. 2018 | -16.60% | -6.94% | 337.72 | 64.21 | 147.26 |
| 2. | 30 nov. 2018 | 2.23% | 1.79% | 0.21 | 0.51 | 0.32 |
| 3. | 31 dic. 2018 | -17.71% | -9.18% | 379.70 | 105.07 | 199.74 |
| 4. | 31 ene. 2019 | 20.45% | 7.87% | 348.97 | 46.18 | 126.95 |
| 5. | 28 feb. 2019 | 6.96% | 2.97% | 26.90 | 3.61 | 9.86 |
| 6. | 31 mar. 2019 | 1.10% | 1.79% | 0.45 | 0.52 | -0.48 |
| 7. | 30 abr. 2019 | 1.77% | 3.93% | 0.00 | 8.17 | -0.02 |
| 8. | 31 may. 2019 | -22.47% | -6.58% | 587.63 | 58.53 | 185.46 |
| 9. | 30 jun. 2019 | 18.34% | 6.89% | 274.39 | 33.88 | 96.41 |
| 10. | 31 jul. 2019 | 16.33% | 1.31% | 211.77 | 0.06 | 3.49 |
| 11. | 31 ago. 2019 | 0.85% | -1.81% | 0.86 | 8.31 | 2.67 |
| 12. | 30 sept. 2019 | -5.35% | 1.72% | 50.68 | 0.42 | -4.59 |
| 13. | 31 oct. 2019 | 10.97% | 2.04% | 84.55 | 0.94 | 8.92 |
| 14. | 30 nov. 2019 | -0.08% | 3.40% | 3.45 | 5.44 | -4.33 |
| 15. | 31 dic. 2019 | 13.20% | 2.86% | 130.51 | 3.19 | 20.41 |
| 16. | 31 ene. 2020 | -1.28% | -0.16% | 9.34 | 1.53 | 3.78 |
| 17. | 29 feb. 2020 | -1.00% | -8.41% | 7.68 | 89.94 | 26.28 |
| 18. | 31 mar. 2020 | -19.98% | -12.51% | 473.08 | 184.54 | 295.47 |
| 19. | 30 abr. 2020 | 13.86% | 12.68% | 146.12 | 134.83 | 140.36 |
| 20. | 31 may. 2020 | 0.04% | 4.53% | 3.00 | 11.94 | -5.98 |
| 21. | 30 jun. 2020 | 7.53% | 1.84% | 33.20 | 0.59 | 4.41 |
| 22. | 31 jul. 2020 | -2.83% | 5.51% | 21.22 | 19.69 | -20.44 |
| 23. | 31 ago. 2020 | -9.09% | 7.01% | 117.99 | 35.21 | -64.45 |
| 24. | 30 sept. 2020 | 3.19% | -3.92% | 2.00 | 24.96 | -7.06 |
| 25. | 31 oct. 2020 | 7.20% | -2.77% | 29.42 | 14.74 | -20.83 |
| 26. | 30 nov. 2020 | 27.31% | 10.75% | 652.35 | 93.74 | 247.28 |
| 27. | 31 dic. 2020 | 17.30% | 3.71% | 241.20 | 6.97 | 40.99 |
| 28. | 31 ene. 2021 | 4.11% | -1.11% | 5.46 | 4.78 | -5.11 |
| 29. | 28 feb. 2021 | 16.94% | 2.61% | 230.07 | 2.36 | 23.30 |
| 30. | 31 mar. 2021 | -3.63% | 4.24% | 29.16 | 10.06 | -17.12 |
| 31. | 30 abr. 2021 | -2.43% | 5.24% | 17.63 | 17.39 | -17.51 |
| 32. | 31 may. 2021 | -2.24% | 0.55% | 16.12 | 0.27 | 2.10 |
| 33. | 30 jun. 2021 | 1.00% | 2.22% | 0.60 | 1.32 | -0.89 |
| 34. | 31 jul. 2021 | -8.71% | 2.27% | 109.85 | 1.44 | -12.60 |
| 35. | 31 ago. 2021 | -5.00% | 2.90% | 45.89 | 3.34 | -12.37 |
| 36. | 30 sept. 2021 | -3.55% | -4.76% | 28.39 | 33.99 | 31.06 |
| 37. | 31 oct. 2021 | -2.65% | 6.91% | 19.55 | 34.12 | -25.83 |
| 38. | 30 nov. 2021 | 21.56% | -0.83% | 391.64 | 3.63 | -37.72 |
| 39. | 31 dic. 2021 | 11.01% | 4.36% | 85.35 | 10.81 | 30.38 |
| 40. | 31 ene. 2022 | -11.68% | -5.26% | 180.99 | 40.09 | 85.18 |
| 41. | 28 feb. 2022 | 8.01% | -3.14% | 38.90 | 17.71 | -26.25 |
| 42. | 31 mar. 2022 | -12.35% | 3.58% | 199.33 | 6.27 | -35.36 |
| 43. | 30 abr. 2022 | -12.33% | -8.80% | 198.76 | 97.39 | 139.13 |
| 44. | 31 may. 2022 | 8.29% | 0.01% | 42.41 | 1.14 | -6.95 |
| 45. | 30 jun. 2022 | -25.14% | -8.39% | 724.07 | 89.58 | 254.68 |
| 46. | 31 jul. 2022 | 12.11% | 9.11% | 106.87 | 64.62 | 83.11 |
| 47. | 31 ago. 2022 | -8.62% | -4.24% | 107.94 | 28.27 | 55.24 |
| 48. | 30 sept. 2022 | -11.37% | -9.34% | 172.86 | 108.42 | 136.90 |
| 49. | 31 oct. 2022 | 8.21% | 7.99% | 41.48 | 47.80 | 44.53 |
| 50. | 30 nov. 2022 | 6.56% | 5.38% | 22.93 | 18.51 | 20.60 |
| 51. | 31 dic. 2022 | -13.10% | -5.90% | 221.36 | 48.58 | 103.70 |
| 52. | 31 ene. 2023 | 20.65% | 6.18% | 356.27 | 26.04 | 96.31 |
| 53. | 28 feb. 2023 | -4.11% | -2.61% | 34.64 | 13.57 | 21.68 |
| 54. | 31 mar. 2023 | 4.36% | 3.51% | 6.68 | 5.92 | 6.29 |
| 55. | 30 abr. 2023 | 6.85% | 1.46% | 25.80 | 0.15 | 1.99 |
| 56. | 31 may. 2023 | 5.97% | 0.25% | 17.58 | 0.68 | -3.46 |
| 57. | 30 jun. 2023 | -7.46% | 4.71% | 85.31 | 13.26 | -33.63 |
| 58. | 31 jul. 2023 | 13.30% | 4.85% | 132.92 | 14.24 | 43.50 |
| 59. | 31 ago. 2023 | -2.03% | -1.77% | 14.47 | 8.09 | 10.82 |
| 60. | 30 sept. 2023 | -2.73% | -4.87% | 20.29 | 35.34 | 26.78 |
| 61. | 31 oct. 2023 | -1.54% | -2.20% | 10.95 | 10.70 | 10.82 |
| 62. | 30 nov. 2023 | 13.83% | 8.92% | 145.44 | 61.55 | 94.61 |
| 63. | 31 dic. 2023 | 12.26% | 4.42% | 110.05 | 11.22 | 35.14 |
| 64. | 31 ene. 2024 | 0.48% | 1.59% | 1.67 | 0.27 | -0.67 |
| 65. | 29 feb. 2024 | 5.67% | 5.17% | 15.17 | 16.80 | 15.96 |
| 66. | 31 mar. 2024 | 30.23% | 3.10% | 810.02 | 4.12 | 57.75 |
| 67. | 30 abr. 2024 | -4.18% | -4.16% | 35.46 | 27.40 | 31.17 |
| 68. | 31 may. 2024 | 10.66% | 4.80% | 78.95 | 13.91 | 33.14 |
| 69. | 30 jun. 2024 | 5.22% | 3.47% | 11.91 | 5.73 | 8.26 |
| 70. | 31 jul. 2024 | -16.42% | 1.13% | 330.93 | 0.00 | -1.08 |
| 71. | 31 ago. 2024 | -12.37% | 2.28% | 199.91 | 1.47 | -17.12 |
| Total (Σ): | 9,656.45 | 1,920.03 | 2,682.34 | |||
Mostrar todo
VarianzaMU = Σ(RMU,t–RMU)2 ÷ (71 – 1)
= 9,656.45 ÷ (71 – 1)
= 137.95
VarianzaS&P 500 = Σ(RS&P 500,t–RS&P 500)2 ÷ (71 – 1)
= 1,920.03 ÷ (71 – 1)
= 27.43
CovarianzaMU, S&P 500 = Σ(RMU,t–RMU)×(RS&P 500,t–RS&P 500) ÷ (71 – 1)
= 2,682.34 ÷ (71 – 1)
= 38.32
Estimación sistemática del riesgo (β)
| VarianzaMU | 137.95 |
| VarianzaS&P 500 | 27.43 |
| CovarianzaMU, S&P 500 | 38.32 |
| Coeficiente de correlaciónMU, S&P 5001 | 0.62 |
| βMU2 | 1.40 |
| αMU3 | 0.27% |
Cálculos
1 Coeficiente de correlaciónMU, S&P 500
= CovarianzaMU, S&P 500 ÷ (Desviación estándarMU × Desviación estándarS&P 500)
= 38.32 ÷ (11.75% × 5.24%)
= 0.62
2 βMU
= CovarianzaMU, S&P 500 ÷ VarianzaS&P 500
= 38.32 ÷ 27.43
= 1.40
3 αMU
= PromedioMU – βMU × PromedioS&P 500
= 1.77% – 1.40 × 1.07%
= 0.27%
Tasa de rendimiento esperada
| Suposiciones | ||
| Tasa de rendimiento del LT Treasury Composite1 | RF | 4.65% |
| Tasa de rendimiento esperada de la cartera de mercado2 | E(RM) | 13.79% |
| Riesgo sistemático de Micron acciones ordinarias | βMU | 1.40 |
| Tasa de rendimiento esperada de las acciones ordinarias de Micron3 | E(RMU) | 17.41% |
1 Promedio no ponderado de los rendimientos de las ofertas de todos los bonos del Tesoro de EE. UU. con cupón fijo en circulación que no vencen ni son rescatables en menos de 10 años (proxy de tasa de rendimiento libre de riesgo).
3 E(RMU) = RF + βMU [E(RM) – RF]
= 4.65% + 1.40 [13.79% – 4.65%]
= 17.41%