El modelo de fijación de precios de activos de capital (CAPM, por sus siglas en inglés) indica cuál debería ser la tasa de rendimiento esperada o requerida en activos de riesgo como las acciones ordinarias de Kraft Foods Group.
Tasas de retorno
Kraft Foods Group Inc. (KRFT) | Standard & Poor’s 500 (S&P 500) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
t | Fecha | PrecioKRFT,t1 | DividendoKRFT,t1 | RKRFT,t2 | PrecioS&P 500,t | RS&P 500,t3 |
30 sept. 2012 | $44.63 | 1,440.67 | ||||
1. | 31 oct. 2012 | $45.46 | 1.86% | 1,412.16 | -1.98% | |
2. | 30 nov. 2012 | $45.24 | -0.48% | 1,416.18 | 0.28% | |
3. | 31 dic. 2012 | $45.47 | $0.50 | 1.61% | 1,426.19 | 0.71% |
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26. | 30 nov. 2014 | $60.17 | 6.78% | 2,067.56 | 2.45% | |
27. | 31 dic. 2014 | $62.66 | $0.55 | 5.05% | 2,058.90 | -0.42% |
Promedio (R): | 1.69% | 1.36% | ||||
Desviación estándar: | 4.49% | 2.41% |
Kraft Foods Group Inc. (KRFT) | Standard & Poor’s 500 (S&P 500) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
t | Fecha | PrecioKRFT,t1 | DividendoKRFT,t1 | RKRFT,t2 | PrecioS&P 500,t | RS&P 500,t3 |
30 sept. 2012 | $44.63 | 1,440.67 | ||||
1. | 31 oct. 2012 | $45.46 | 1.86% | 1,412.16 | -1.98% | |
2. | 30 nov. 2012 | $45.24 | -0.48% | 1,416.18 | 0.28% | |
3. | 31 dic. 2012 | $45.47 | $0.50 | 1.61% | 1,426.19 | 0.71% |
4. | 31 ene. 2013 | $46.22 | 1.65% | 1,498.11 | 5.04% | |
5. | 28 feb. 2013 | $48.48 | 4.89% | 1,514.68 | 1.11% | |
6. | 31 mar. 2013 | $51.53 | $0.50 | 7.32% | 1,569.19 | 3.60% |
7. | 30 abr. 2013 | $51.49 | -0.08% | 1,597.57 | 1.81% | |
8. | 31 may. 2013 | $55.13 | 7.07% | 1,630.74 | 2.08% | |
9. | 30 jun. 2013 | $55.87 | $0.50 | 2.25% | 1,606.28 | -1.50% |
10. | 31 jul. 2013 | $56.58 | 1.27% | 1,685.73 | 4.95% | |
11. | 31 ago. 2013 | $51.77 | -8.50% | 1,632.97 | -3.13% | |
12. | 30 sept. 2013 | $52.48 | 1.37% | 1,681.55 | 2.97% | |
13. | 31 oct. 2013 | $54.38 | $0.525 | 4.62% | 1,756.54 | 4.46% |
14. | 30 nov. 2013 | $53.12 | -2.32% | 1,805.81 | 2.80% | |
15. | 31 dic. 2013 | $53.91 | $0.525 | 2.48% | 1,848.36 | 2.36% |
16. | 31 ene. 2014 | $52.35 | -2.89% | 1,782.59 | -3.56% | |
17. | 28 feb. 2014 | $55.27 | 5.58% | 1,859.45 | 4.31% | |
18. | 31 mar. 2014 | $56.10 | 1.50% | 1,872.34 | 0.69% | |
19. | 30 abr. 2014 | $56.86 | $0.525 | 2.29% | 1,883.95 | 0.62% |
20. | 31 may. 2014 | $59.46 | 4.57% | 1,923.57 | 2.10% | |
21. | 30 jun. 2014 | $59.95 | 0.82% | 1,960.23 | 1.91% | |
22. | 31 jul. 2014 | $53.59 | $0.525 | -9.73% | 1,930.67 | -1.51% |
23. | 31 ago. 2014 | $58.90 | 9.91% | 2,003.37 | 3.77% | |
24. | 30 sept. 2014 | $56.40 | -4.24% | 1,972.29 | -1.55% | |
25. | 31 oct. 2014 | $56.35 | $0.55 | 0.89% | 2,018.05 | 2.32% |
26. | 30 nov. 2014 | $60.17 | 6.78% | 2,067.56 | 2.45% | |
27. | 31 dic. 2014 | $62.66 | $0.55 | 5.05% | 2,058.90 | -0.42% |
Promedio (R): | 1.69% | 1.36% | ||||
Desviación estándar: | 4.49% | 2.41% |
Mostrar todo
1 Datos en dólares estadounidenses por acción ordinaria, ajustados por divisiones y dividendos de acciones.
2 Tasa de rendimiento de las acciones ordinarias de KRFT durante el período t.
3 Tasa de rendimiento del S&P 500 (el proxy de la cartera de mercado) durante el período t.
Varianza y covarianza
t | Fecha | RKRFT,t | RS&P 500,t | (RKRFT,t–RKRFT)2 | (RS&P 500,t–RS&P 500)2 | (RKRFT,t–RKRFT)×(RS&P 500,t–RS&P 500) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1. | 31 oct. 2012 | 1.86% | -1.98% | 0.03 | 11.14 | -0.58 |
2. | 30 nov. 2012 | -0.48% | 0.28% | 4.71 | 1.15 | 2.33 |
3. | 31 dic. 2012 | 1.61% | 0.71% | 0.01 | 0.43 | 0.05 |
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26. | 30 nov. 2014 | 6.78% | 2.45% | 25.93 | 1.20 | 5.57 |
27. | 31 dic. 2014 | 5.05% | -0.42% | 11.33 | 3.16 | -5.98 |
Total (Σ): | 525.18 | 151.09 | 166.74 |
t | Fecha | RKRFT,t | RS&P 500,t | (RKRFT,t–RKRFT)2 | (RS&P 500,t–RS&P 500)2 | (RKRFT,t–RKRFT)×(RS&P 500,t–RS&P 500) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1. | 31 oct. 2012 | 1.86% | -1.98% | 0.03 | 11.14 | -0.58 |
2. | 30 nov. 2012 | -0.48% | 0.28% | 4.71 | 1.15 | 2.33 |
3. | 31 dic. 2012 | 1.61% | 0.71% | 0.01 | 0.43 | 0.05 |
4. | 31 ene. 2013 | 1.65% | 5.04% | 0.00 | 13.57 | -0.14 |
5. | 28 feb. 2013 | 4.89% | 1.11% | 10.26 | 0.06 | -0.81 |
6. | 31 mar. 2013 | 7.32% | 3.60% | 31.77 | 5.02 | 12.62 |
7. | 30 abr. 2013 | -0.08% | 1.81% | 3.11 | 0.20 | -0.79 |
8. | 31 may. 2013 | 7.07% | 2.08% | 28.98 | 0.51 | 3.86 |
9. | 30 jun. 2013 | 2.25% | -1.50% | 0.32 | 8.17 | -1.61 |
10. | 31 jul. 2013 | 1.27% | 4.95% | 0.17 | 12.87 | -1.49 |
11. | 31 ago. 2013 | -8.50% | -3.13% | 103.79 | 20.15 | 45.73 |
12. | 30 sept. 2013 | 1.37% | 2.97% | 0.10 | 2.61 | -0.51 |
13. | 31 oct. 2013 | 4.62% | 4.46% | 8.61 | 9.61 | 9.10 |
14. | 30 nov. 2013 | -2.32% | 2.80% | 16.03 | 2.09 | -5.79 |
15. | 31 dic. 2013 | 2.48% | 2.36% | 0.62 | 0.99 | 0.79 |
16. | 31 ene. 2014 | -2.89% | -3.56% | 20.98 | 24.18 | 22.52 |
17. | 28 feb. 2014 | 5.58% | 4.31% | 15.14 | 8.72 | 11.49 |
18. | 31 mar. 2014 | 1.50% | 0.69% | 0.03 | 0.44 | 0.12 |
19. | 30 abr. 2014 | 2.29% | 0.62% | 0.36 | 0.55 | -0.45 |
20. | 31 may. 2014 | 4.57% | 2.10% | 8.33 | 0.55 | 2.15 |
21. | 30 jun. 2014 | 0.82% | 1.91% | 0.74 | 0.30 | -0.47 |
22. | 31 jul. 2014 | -9.73% | -1.51% | 130.41 | 8.22 | 32.74 |
23. | 31 ago. 2014 | 9.91% | 3.77% | 67.60 | 5.79 | 19.79 |
24. | 30 sept. 2014 | -4.24% | -1.55% | 35.18 | 8.47 | 17.26 |
25. | 31 oct. 2014 | 0.89% | 2.32% | 0.64 | 0.92 | -0.77 |
26. | 30 nov. 2014 | 6.78% | 2.45% | 25.93 | 1.20 | 5.57 |
27. | 31 dic. 2014 | 5.05% | -0.42% | 11.33 | 3.16 | -5.98 |
Total (Σ): | 525.18 | 151.09 | 166.74 |
Mostrar todo
VarianzaKRFT = Σ(RKRFT,t–RKRFT)2 ÷ (27 – 1)
= 525.18 ÷ (27 – 1)
= 20.20
VarianzaS&P 500 = Σ(RS&P 500,t–RS&P 500)2 ÷ (27 – 1)
= 151.09 ÷ (27 – 1)
= 5.81
CovarianzaKRFT, S&P 500 = Σ(RKRFT,t–RKRFT)×(RS&P 500,t–RS&P 500) ÷ (27 – 1)
= 166.74 ÷ (27 – 1)
= 6.41
Estimación sistemática del riesgo (β)
VarianzaKRFT | 20.20 |
VarianzaS&P 500 | 5.81 |
CovarianzaKRFT, S&P 500 | 6.41 |
Coeficiente de correlaciónKRFT, S&P 5001 | 0.59 |
βKRFT2 | 1.10 |
αKRFT3 | 0.19% |
Cálculos
1 Coeficiente de correlaciónKRFT, S&P 500
= CovarianzaKRFT, S&P 500 ÷ (Desviación estándarKRFT × Desviación estándarS&P 500)
= 6.41 ÷ (4.49% × 2.41%)
= 0.59
2 βKRFT
= CovarianzaKRFT, S&P 500 ÷ VarianzaS&P 500
= 6.41 ÷ 5.81
= 1.10
3 αKRFT
= PromedioKRFT – βKRFT × PromedioS&P 500
= 1.69% – 1.10 × 1.36%
= 0.19%
Tasa de rendimiento esperada
Suposiciones | ||
Tasa de rendimiento del LT Treasury Composite1 | RF | 4.67% |
Tasa de rendimiento esperada de la cartera de mercado2 | E(RM) | 13.79% |
Riesgo sistemático de Kraft Foods Group acciones ordinarias | βKRFT | 1.10 |
Tasa de rendimiento esperada de las acciones ordinarias de Kraft Foods Group3 | E(RKRFT) | 14.73% |
1 Promedio no ponderado de los rendimientos de las ofertas de todos los bonos del Tesoro de EE. UU. con cupón fijo en circulación que no vencen ni son rescatables en menos de 10 años (proxy de tasa de rendimiento libre de riesgo).
3 E(RKRFT) = RF + βKRFT [E(RM) – RF]
= 4.67% + 1.10 [13.79% – 4.67%]
= 14.73%