Modelo de fijación de precios de activos de capital (CAPM)
El modelo de fijación de precios de activos de capital (CAPM, por sus siglas en inglés) indica cuál debería ser la tasa de rendimiento esperada o requerida en activos de riesgo como las acciones ordinarias de Newmont.
Tasas de retorno
Newmont Corp., tasas mensuales de retorno
| Newmont Corp. (NEM) | Standard & Poor’s 500 (S&P 500) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| t | Fecha | PrecioNEM,t1 | DividendoNEM,t1 | RNEM,t2 | PrecioS&P 500,t | RS&P 500,t3 |
| 31 ene. 2019 | $34.11 | 2,704.10 | ||||
| 1. | 28 feb. 2019 | $34.12 | 0.03% | 2,784.49 | 2.97% | |
| 2. | 31 mar. 2019 | $35.77 | $0.14 | 5.25% | 2,834.40 | 1.79% |
| 3. | 30 abr. 2019 | $31.06 | $0.88 | -10.71% | 2,945.83 | 3.93% |
| . | . | . | . | . | . | . |
| . | . | . | . | . | . | . |
| . | . | . | . | . | . | . |
| 58. | 30 nov. 2023 | $40.19 | $0.40 | 8.33% | 4,567.80 | 8.92% |
| 59. | 31 dic. 2023 | $41.39 | 2.99% | 4,769.83 | 4.42% | |
| Promedio (R): | 1.09% | 1.11% | ||||
| Desviación estándar: | 9.83% | 5.31% | ||||
| Newmont Corp. (NEM) | Standard & Poor’s 500 (S&P 500) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| t | Fecha | PrecioNEM,t1 | DividendoNEM,t1 | RNEM,t2 | PrecioS&P 500,t | RS&P 500,t3 |
| 31 ene. 2019 | $34.11 | 2,704.10 | ||||
| 1. | 28 feb. 2019 | $34.12 | 0.03% | 2,784.49 | 2.97% | |
| 2. | 31 mar. 2019 | $35.77 | $0.14 | 5.25% | 2,834.40 | 1.79% |
| 3. | 30 abr. 2019 | $31.06 | $0.88 | -10.71% | 2,945.83 | 3.93% |
| 4. | 31 may. 2019 | $33.09 | 6.54% | 2,752.06 | -6.58% | |
| 5. | 30 jun. 2019 | $38.47 | $0.14 | 16.68% | 2,941.76 | 6.89% |
| 6. | 31 jul. 2019 | $36.52 | -5.07% | 2,980.38 | 1.31% | |
| 7. | 31 ago. 2019 | $39.89 | 9.23% | 2,926.46 | -1.81% | |
| 8. | 30 sept. 2019 | $37.92 | $0.14 | -4.59% | 2,976.74 | 1.72% |
| 9. | 31 oct. 2019 | $39.73 | 4.77% | 3,037.56 | 2.04% | |
| 10. | 30 nov. 2019 | $38.40 | -3.35% | 3,140.98 | 3.40% | |
| 11. | 31 dic. 2019 | $43.45 | $0.14 | 13.52% | 3,230.78 | 2.86% |
| 12. | 31 ene. 2020 | $45.06 | 3.71% | 3,225.52 | -0.16% | |
| 13. | 29 feb. 2020 | $44.63 | -0.95% | 2,954.22 | -8.41% | |
| 14. | 31 mar. 2020 | $45.28 | $0.14 | 1.77% | 2,584.59 | -12.51% |
| 15. | 30 abr. 2020 | $59.48 | 31.36% | 2,912.43 | 12.68% | |
| 16. | 31 may. 2020 | $58.47 | -1.70% | 3,044.31 | 4.53% | |
| 17. | 30 jun. 2020 | $61.74 | $0.25 | 6.02% | 3,100.29 | 1.84% |
| 18. | 31 jul. 2020 | $69.20 | 12.08% | 3,271.12 | 5.51% | |
| 19. | 31 ago. 2020 | $67.28 | -2.77% | 3,500.31 | 7.01% | |
| 20. | 30 sept. 2020 | $63.45 | $0.25 | -5.32% | 3,363.00 | -3.92% |
| 21. | 31 oct. 2020 | $62.84 | -0.96% | 3,269.96 | -2.77% | |
| 22. | 30 nov. 2020 | $58.82 | -6.40% | 3,621.63 | 10.75% | |
| 23. | 31 dic. 2020 | $59.89 | $0.40 | 2.50% | 3,756.07 | 3.71% |
| 24. | 31 ene. 2021 | $59.60 | -0.48% | 3,714.24 | -1.11% | |
| 25. | 28 feb. 2021 | $54.38 | -8.76% | 3,811.15 | 2.61% | |
| 26. | 31 mar. 2021 | $60.27 | $0.55 | 11.84% | 3,972.89 | 4.24% |
| 27. | 30 abr. 2021 | $62.41 | 3.55% | 4,181.17 | 5.24% | |
| 28. | 31 may. 2021 | $73.48 | 17.74% | 4,204.11 | 0.55% | |
| 29. | 30 jun. 2021 | $63.38 | $0.55 | -13.00% | 4,297.50 | 2.22% |
| 30. | 31 jul. 2021 | $62.82 | -0.88% | 4,395.26 | 2.27% | |
| 31. | 31 ago. 2021 | $57.99 | -7.69% | 4,522.68 | 2.90% | |
| 32. | 30 sept. 2021 | $54.30 | $0.55 | -5.41% | 4,307.54 | -4.76% |
| 33. | 31 oct. 2021 | $54.00 | -0.55% | 4,605.38 | 6.91% | |
| 34. | 30 nov. 2021 | $54.92 | 1.70% | 4,567.00 | -0.83% | |
| 35. | 31 dic. 2021 | $62.02 | $0.55 | 13.93% | 4,766.18 | 4.36% |
| 36. | 31 ene. 2022 | $61.17 | -1.37% | 4,515.55 | -5.26% | |
| 37. | 28 feb. 2022 | $66.20 | 8.22% | 4,373.94 | -3.14% | |
| 38. | 31 mar. 2022 | $79.45 | $0.55 | 20.85% | 4,530.41 | 3.58% |
| 39. | 30 abr. 2022 | $72.85 | -8.31% | 4,131.93 | -8.80% | |
| 40. | 31 may. 2022 | $67.85 | -6.86% | 4,132.15 | 0.01% | |
| 41. | 30 jun. 2022 | $59.67 | $0.55 | -11.25% | 3,785.38 | -8.39% |
| 42. | 31 jul. 2022 | $45.28 | -24.12% | 4,130.29 | 9.11% | |
| 43. | 31 ago. 2022 | $41.36 | -8.66% | 3,955.00 | -4.24% | |
| 44. | 30 sept. 2022 | $42.03 | $0.55 | 2.95% | 3,585.62 | -9.34% |
| 45. | 31 oct. 2022 | $42.32 | 0.69% | 3,871.98 | 7.99% | |
| 46. | 30 nov. 2022 | $47.47 | 12.17% | 4,080.11 | 5.38% | |
| 47. | 31 dic. 2022 | $47.20 | $0.55 | 0.59% | 3,839.50 | -5.90% |
| 48. | 31 ene. 2023 | $52.93 | 12.14% | 4,076.60 | 6.18% | |
| 49. | 28 feb. 2023 | $43.61 | -17.61% | 3,970.15 | -2.61% | |
| 50. | 31 mar. 2023 | $49.02 | $0.40 | 13.32% | 4,109.31 | 3.51% |
| 51. | 30 abr. 2023 | $47.40 | -3.30% | 4,169.48 | 1.46% | |
| 52. | 31 may. 2023 | $40.55 | $0.40 | -13.61% | 4,179.83 | 0.25% |
| 53. | 30 jun. 2023 | $42.66 | 5.20% | 4,376.86 | 4.71% | |
| 54. | 31 jul. 2023 | $42.92 | 0.61% | 4,588.96 | 4.85% | |
| 55. | 31 ago. 2023 | $39.42 | -8.15% | 4,507.66 | -1.77% | |
| 56. | 30 sept. 2023 | $36.95 | $0.40 | -5.25% | 4,288.05 | -4.87% |
| 57. | 31 oct. 2023 | $37.47 | 1.41% | 4,193.80 | -2.20% | |
| 58. | 30 nov. 2023 | $40.19 | $0.40 | 8.33% | 4,567.80 | 8.92% |
| 59. | 31 dic. 2023 | $41.39 | 2.99% | 4,769.83 | 4.42% | |
| Promedio (R): | 1.09% | 1.11% | ||||
| Desviación estándar: | 9.83% | 5.31% | ||||
Mostrar todo
1 Datos en dólares estadounidenses por acción ordinaria, ajustados por divisiones y dividendos de acciones.
2 Tasa de rendimiento de las acciones ordinarias de NEM durante el período t.
3 Tasa de rendimiento del S&P 500 (el proxy de la cartera de mercado) durante el período t.
Varianza y covarianza
Newmont Corp., cálculo de la varianza y covarianza de los rendimientos
| t | Fecha | RNEM,t | RS&P 500,t | (RNEM,t–RNEM)2 | (RS&P 500,t–RS&P 500)2 | (RNEM,t–RNEM)×(RS&P 500,t–RS&P 500) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. | 28 feb. 2019 | 0.03% | 2.97% | 1.14 | 3.49 | -1.99 |
| 2. | 31 mar. 2019 | 5.25% | 1.79% | 17.23 | 0.47 | 2.85 |
| 3. | 30 abr. 2019 | -10.71% | 3.93% | 139.29 | 7.98 | -33.35 |
| . | . | . | . | . | . | . |
| . | . | . | . | . | . | . |
| . | . | . | . | . | . | . |
| 58. | 30 nov. 2023 | 8.33% | 8.92% | 52.30 | 61.03 | 56.50 |
| 59. | 31 dic. 2023 | 2.99% | 4.42% | 3.58 | 11.00 | 6.27 |
| Total (Σ): | 5,604.79 | 1,634.30 | 847.32 | |||
| t | Fecha | RNEM,t | RS&P 500,t | (RNEM,t–RNEM)2 | (RS&P 500,t–RS&P 500)2 | (RNEM,t–RNEM)×(RS&P 500,t–RS&P 500) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. | 28 feb. 2019 | 0.03% | 2.97% | 1.14 | 3.49 | -1.99 |
| 2. | 31 mar. 2019 | 5.25% | 1.79% | 17.23 | 0.47 | 2.85 |
| 3. | 30 abr. 2019 | -10.71% | 3.93% | 139.29 | 7.98 | -33.35 |
| 4. | 31 may. 2019 | 6.54% | -6.58% | 29.60 | 59.04 | -41.81 |
| 5. | 30 jun. 2019 | 16.68% | 6.89% | 242.95 | 33.49 | 90.20 |
| 6. | 31 jul. 2019 | -5.07% | 1.31% | 37.99 | 0.04 | -1.28 |
| 7. | 31 ago. 2019 | 9.23% | -1.81% | 66.15 | 8.50 | -23.71 |
| 8. | 30 sept. 2019 | -4.59% | 1.72% | 32.29 | 0.37 | -3.48 |
| 9. | 31 oct. 2019 | 4.77% | 2.04% | 13.53 | 0.88 | 3.45 |
| 10. | 30 nov. 2019 | -3.35% | 3.40% | 19.73 | 5.28 | -10.21 |
| 11. | 31 dic. 2019 | 13.52% | 2.86% | 154.28 | 3.07 | 21.78 |
| 12. | 31 ene. 2020 | 3.71% | -0.16% | 6.82 | 1.61 | -3.31 |
| 13. | 29 feb. 2020 | -0.95% | -8.41% | 4.20 | 90.57 | 19.50 |
| 14. | 31 mar. 2020 | 1.77% | -12.51% | 0.46 | 185.44 | -9.20 |
| 15. | 30 abr. 2020 | 31.36% | 12.68% | 916.01 | 134.06 | 350.43 |
| 16. | 31 may. 2020 | -1.70% | 4.53% | 7.80 | 11.71 | -9.56 |
| 17. | 30 jun. 2020 | 6.02% | 1.84% | 24.26 | 0.54 | 3.61 |
| 18. | 31 jul. 2020 | 12.08% | 5.51% | 120.74 | 19.40 | 48.39 |
| 19. | 31 ago. 2020 | -2.77% | 7.01% | 14.97 | 34.82 | -22.83 |
| 20. | 30 sept. 2020 | -5.32% | -3.92% | 41.16 | 25.29 | 32.26 |
| 21. | 31 oct. 2020 | -0.96% | -2.77% | 4.23 | 15.00 | 7.96 |
| 22. | 30 nov. 2020 | -6.40% | 10.75% | 56.13 | 93.10 | -72.29 |
| 23. | 31 dic. 2020 | 2.50% | 3.71% | 1.97 | 6.79 | 3.66 |
| 24. | 31 ene. 2021 | -0.48% | -1.11% | 2.49 | 4.93 | 3.50 |
| 25. | 28 feb. 2021 | -8.76% | 2.61% | 97.08 | 2.26 | -14.81 |
| 26. | 31 mar. 2021 | 11.84% | 4.24% | 115.52 | 9.85 | 33.73 |
| 27. | 30 abr. 2021 | 3.55% | 5.24% | 6.03 | 17.11 | 10.16 |
| 28. | 31 may. 2021 | 17.74% | 0.55% | 276.98 | 0.31 | -9.27 |
| 29. | 30 jun. 2021 | -13.00% | 2.22% | 198.57 | 1.24 | -15.72 |
| 30. | 31 jul. 2021 | -0.88% | 2.27% | 3.91 | 1.37 | -2.31 |
| 31. | 31 ago. 2021 | -7.69% | 2.90% | 77.15 | 3.22 | -15.75 |
| 32. | 30 sept. 2021 | -5.41% | -4.76% | 42.37 | 34.37 | 38.16 |
| 33. | 31 oct. 2021 | -0.55% | 6.91% | 2.71 | 33.74 | -9.57 |
| 34. | 30 nov. 2021 | 1.70% | -0.83% | 0.37 | 3.76 | -1.18 |
| 35. | 31 dic. 2021 | 13.93% | 4.36% | 164.73 | 10.60 | 41.78 |
| 36. | 31 ene. 2022 | -1.37% | -5.26% | 6.08 | 40.51 | 15.69 |
| 37. | 28 feb. 2022 | 8.22% | -3.14% | 50.81 | 17.99 | -30.24 |
| 38. | 31 mar. 2022 | 20.85% | 3.58% | 390.11 | 6.11 | 48.81 |
| 39. | 30 abr. 2022 | -8.31% | -8.80% | 88.40 | 98.04 | 93.09 |
| 40. | 31 may. 2022 | -6.86% | 0.01% | 63.33 | 1.21 | 8.76 |
| 41. | 30 jun. 2022 | -11.25% | -8.39% | 152.28 | 90.21 | 117.21 |
| 42. | 31 jul. 2022 | -24.12% | 9.11% | 635.58 | 64.09 | -201.83 |
| 43. | 31 ago. 2022 | -8.66% | -4.24% | 95.10 | 28.62 | 52.17 |
| 44. | 30 sept. 2022 | 2.95% | -9.34% | 3.44 | 109.11 | -19.38 |
| 45. | 31 oct. 2022 | 0.69% | 7.99% | 0.16 | 47.34 | -2.79 |
| 46. | 30 nov. 2022 | 12.17% | 5.38% | 122.64 | 18.23 | 47.28 |
| 47. | 31 dic. 2022 | 0.59% | -5.90% | 0.25 | 49.04 | 3.54 |
| 48. | 31 ene. 2023 | 12.14% | 6.18% | 121.99 | 25.70 | 55.99 |
| 49. | 28 feb. 2023 | -17.61% | -2.61% | 349.80 | 13.82 | 69.52 |
| 50. | 31 mar. 2023 | 13.32% | 3.51% | 149.52 | 5.76 | 29.34 |
| 51. | 30 abr. 2023 | -3.30% | 1.46% | 19.36 | 0.13 | -1.58 |
| 52. | 31 may. 2023 | -13.61% | 0.25% | 216.16 | 0.74 | 12.61 |
| 53. | 30 jun. 2023 | 5.20% | 4.71% | 16.88 | 13.02 | 14.82 |
| 54. | 31 jul. 2023 | 0.61% | 4.85% | 0.24 | 13.99 | -1.82 |
| 55. | 31 ago. 2023 | -8.15% | -1.77% | 85.55 | 8.28 | 26.62 |
| 56. | 30 sept. 2023 | -5.25% | -4.87% | 40.27 | 35.73 | 37.93 |
| 57. | 31 oct. 2023 | 1.41% | -2.20% | 0.10 | 10.92 | -1.03 |
| 58. | 30 nov. 2023 | 8.33% | 8.92% | 52.30 | 61.03 | 56.50 |
| 59. | 31 dic. 2023 | 2.99% | 4.42% | 3.58 | 11.00 | 6.27 |
| Total (Σ): | 5,604.79 | 1,634.30 | 847.32 | |||
Mostrar todo
VarianzaNEM = Σ(RNEM,t–RNEM)2 ÷ (59 – 1)
= 5,604.79 ÷ (59 – 1)
= 96.63
VarianzaS&P 500 = Σ(RS&P 500,t–RS&P 500)2 ÷ (59 – 1)
= 1,634.30 ÷ (59 – 1)
= 28.18
CovarianzaNEM, S&P 500 = Σ(RNEM,t–RNEM)×(RS&P 500,t–RS&P 500) ÷ (59 – 1)
= 847.32 ÷ (59 – 1)
= 14.61
Estimación sistemática del riesgo (β)
| VarianzaNEM | 96.63 |
| VarianzaS&P 500 | 28.18 |
| CovarianzaNEM, S&P 500 | 14.61 |
| Coeficiente de correlaciónNEM, S&P 5001 | 0.28 |
| βNEM2 | 0.52 |
| αNEM3 | 0.52% |
Cálculos
1 Coeficiente de correlaciónNEM, S&P 500
= CovarianzaNEM, S&P 500 ÷ (Desviación estándarNEM × Desviación estándarS&P 500)
= 14.61 ÷ (9.83% × 5.31%)
= 0.28
2 βNEM
= CovarianzaNEM, S&P 500 ÷ VarianzaS&P 500
= 14.61 ÷ 28.18
= 0.52
3 αNEM
= PromedioNEM – βNEM × PromedioS&P 500
= 1.09% – 0.52 × 1.11%
= 0.52%
Tasa de rendimiento esperada
| Suposiciones | ||
| Tasa de rendimiento del LT Treasury Composite1 | RF | 4.81% |
| Tasa de rendimiento esperada de la cartera de mercado2 | E(RM) | 13.55% |
| Riesgo sistemático de Newmont acciones ordinarias | βNEM | 0.52 |
| Tasa de rendimiento esperada de las acciones ordinarias de Newmont3 | E(RNEM) | 9.34% |
1 Promedio no ponderado de los rendimientos de las ofertas de todos los bonos del Tesoro de EE. UU. con cupón fijo en circulación que no vencen ni son rescatables en menos de 10 años (proxy de tasa de rendimiento libre de riesgo).
3 E(RNEM) = RF + βNEM [E(RM) – RF]
= 4.81% + 0.52 [13.55% – 4.81%]
= 9.34%